Compatible with additional phase-stabilization and fault-tolerant techniques, our experiment suggests quantum dissipation engineering as a resource-efficient alternative or supplement to active QEC in future quantum computing architectures. More in general, quantum computing devices can be studied in the framework of open quantum systems 15, 26, 27, 28, that is, systems that exchange energy and information with the surrounding environment.On the one hand, the qubit-environment exchange can be controlled, and this feature is actually fundamental to extract information and process it.
Notably, QEC is realized in a modest hardware setup with neither high-fidelity readout nor fast digital feedback, in contrast to the technological sophistication required for prior QEC demonstrations. This motivates experimental realizations of quantum error correction to determine whether adequate control can be achieved to implement these subroutines. Here we experimentally demonstrate quan- tum error correction using three beryllium atomic-ion qubits confined to a linear, multi-zone trap. Implemented with continuous-wave control fields only, this passive protocol protects the quantum information by autonomously correcting single photon-loss errors and boosts the coherence time of the bosonic qubit by over a factor of two. Here we encode a logical qubit in Schrödinger cat-like multiphoton states of a superconducting cavity, and demonstrate a corrective dissipation process that stabilizes an error-syndrome operator: the photon number parity. In principle, QEC can be realized autonomously and continuously by tailoring dissipation within the quantum system, but so far it has remained challenging to achieve the specific form of dissipation required to counter the most prominent errors in a physical platform. Existing demonstrations of QEC are based on an active schedule of error-syndrome measurements and adaptive recovery operations that are hardware intensive and prone to introducing and propagating errors. To build a universal quantum computer from fragile physical qubits, effective implementation of quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential requirement and a central challenge.
We provided theoretical support to our experimental colleagues at UMass Amherst on an experiment demonstrating autonomous quantum error correction.
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